Genetic Variation for Autumn-Winter Forage Yield in a Segregating Tetraploid F 1 Population of Paspalum notatum .

Abstract

Autumn-winter forage scarcity limits subtropical livestock systems. This study aimed to: (1) develop a segregating F 1 population from parents contrasting in autumn-winter biomass yield (WBY) in tetraploid Paspalum notatum ; (2) estimate phenotypic and genetic variability for WBY across environments; and (3) evaluate the relationship between WBY and spring-summer biomass yield (SBY), and the feasibility of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-derived vegetation indices as non-destructive estimators of WBY. A population of 182 tetraploid F 1 hybrids was evaluated at two sites in Corrientes Province, Argentina (2022-2024). WBY exhibited wide genotypic variability across locations and years ( p H 2 ) ranged from 0.41 to 0.64, reflecting sensitivity to the thermal and moisture conditions of each environment. WBY showed a positive, moderate association with SBY ( R 2 = 0.20-0.26), indicating that selection for cool-season yield does not compromise summer productivity. The Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE) was the most robust WBY predictor ( R 2 up to 0.67 at MES-2022 vs. 0.58-0.59 for ARVI, GNDVI and NDVI at the same site-year), though predictive accuracy varied with environmental conditions. The results demonstrate substantial and exploitable genetic variation for cool-season forage yield in P. notatum .

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