Automated Crop Measurements with UAVs: Evaluation of an AI-Driven Platform for Counting and Biometric Analysis

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are transforming agriculture through enhanced data acquisition, improved monitoring efficiency, and support for data-driven decision-making. Complementing this, AI-driven platforms provide intuitive and reliable tools for advanced UAV analytics. However, their integration remains underexplored, particularly in specialty crops. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the performance of an AI-driven web platform (Solvi) for automated plant counting and biometric trait estimation in two contrasting systems: pecan, a perennial nut crop, and onion, an annual vegetable. Ground-truth measurements included pecan tree number, tree height, and canopy area, as well as onion bulb number and diameter, the latter used for market class classification. Counting performance was assessed using precision, recall, and F1 score, while trait estimation was evaluated with linear regression analysis. UAV-based counts showed strong agreement with ground-truth data, achieving precision, recall, and F1 scores above 97% for both crops. For pecans, UAV-derived estimates of tree height (R2 = 0.98, error = 11.48%) and canopy area (R2 = 0.99, error = 23.16%) demonstrated high accuracy, while errors were larger in young trees compared with mature trees. For onions, UAV-derived bulb diameters achieved an R2 of 0.78 with a 6.29% error, and market class classification (medium, jumbo, colossal) was predicted with

Code and data availability

The paper's UAV imagery, ground-truth measurements, and analysis outputs are not publicly deposited; the Data Availability Statement says raw data are available only on request. Solvi is a commercial third-party platform, not a paper-specific public asset, and no author code or trained models are shared.

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