Electrochromic polyoxometalates for sensing abiotic stress in plants.

Abstract

Introduction Understanding plant responses to abiotic stress requires an insight into plant redox activity. This study proposes a novel and cost-effective method for assessing the redox state of plants. Methods The method utilizes the electrochromic properties of polyoxometalate phosphomolybdic acid hydrate (PMA). PMA is reduced proportionally by glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AsA), which results in a measurable color change. The validity of this method was confirmed through empirical experimentation in Arabidopsis thaliana under conditions of salinity and UV radiation. Results Salinity treatments revealed a non-significant, two-phase trend in redox activity with an increase at moderate levels followed by a decrease. UVC radiation led to a substantial decrease in redox activity, indicating distress. In contrast, UVA promoted resilience, also known as eustress. Notably, UVB significantly increased redox activity, suggesting the activation of an emergency antioxidant response. Discussion A demonstrable correlation has been identified between the redox activity of plants and various stress types. This correlation facilitates the classification of responses into two distinct categories: adaptive eustress and detrimental distress. This advancement contributes to the enhancement of plant metabolic and stress tolerance evaluation.

Code and data availability

The paper's Data availability statement points to a public Zenodo deposit (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.17795112) containing the study's datasets, which underpin the PMA-based redox activity measurements (absorbance at 852 nm) in Arabidopsis thaliana under salinity and UV stress. No author analysis code or trained models are att