Fresh Tissue Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of Maize Meristems.

Abstract

In plants, final organ shape and position influence function and whole plant productivity. In Zea mays (maize), leaf, ear, and tassel morphology are all key agronomic features influencing yield. These aerial structures originate from stem cell populations within meristems. Understanding how meristems are regulated and how stem cells differentiate over developmental time to form mature leaves, ears, and tassels is important for identifying novel routes for maize improvement. High-resolution imaging of meristem morphology is a key component of developmental studies. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is widely used to visualize meristem topology; however, conventional SEM preparation requires fixation, dehydration, drying, and conductive coating. These steps are time-consuming, technically demanding, and can introduce damage. Here, we present a rapid protocol for imaging freshly dissected meristems from maize using a benchtop scanning electron microscope. Fresh tissues are mounted directly onto conductive adhesive and imaged under high vacuum at low accelerating voltage, enabling high-quality micrographs to be captured within minutes of dissection. Although dehydration and tissue collapse can occur under vacuum, rapid sample handling and image acquisition minimize these effects and produce images comparable to those obtained from conventionally prepared specimens. This streamlined workflow substantially reduces preparation time, lowers material requirements, and facilitates medium-throughput morphological analysis. The method provides a practical and reproducible approach for rapid developmental phenotyping and is readily adaptable to other plant species and other tissues.

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