REAL-TIME AND PRECISE DETECTION OF FIELD SOYBEAN RUST AND BACTERIAL SPOT BASED ON IMPROVED YOLOV11N

Abstract

To overcome YOLOv11’s limitations in complex field environments, this paper proposed SDD-YOLOv11n, a lightweight real-time detector for soybean diseases. The model reconstructed the backbone using GhostConv to minimize redundancy and integrates a C3k2_Star module to enhance small lesion detection against background noise. Additionally, a Detect Efficient (DE) head further compressed the architecture. Experimental results verified the model's efficiency, achieving a parameter count of 1.88 M and a weight size of 3.9 MB—reductions of 27.3% and 25% compared to YOLOv11n, respectively. Furthermore, the model maintained high detection performance with a Mean Average Precision (mAP50) of 75.6% and an F1-score of 69.3%, demonstrating its effectiveness in balancing architectural efficiency and accuracy in complex field environments.

Code and data availability

The paper describes a self-constructed soybean disease image dataset (6,523 images from Jianshan Farm) and the SDD-YOLOv11n model, but no block contains any public deposit, availability statement, or URL for the dataset, images, code, or trained weights. The only URL is the article DOI itself.

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