Algae to angiosperms: Autofluorescence for rapid visualization of plant anatomy among diverse taxa.

Abstract

Premise Fluorescence microscopy is an effective tool for viewing plant internal anatomy. However, using fluorescent antibodies or labels hinders throughput. We present a minimal protocol that takes advantage of inherent autofluorescence and aldehyde-induced fluorescence in plant cellular and subcellular structures to markedly increase throughput in cellular and ultrastructural visualization. Methods and results Twelve species distributed across the plant phylogeny were each subjected to five fixative treatments: 1% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde, 2% paraformaldehyde, 2% glutaraldehyde, formalin-acid-alcohol (FAA), and 70% ethanol. Samples were prepared by embedding and mechanically sectioning or via whole mount. A confocal laser scanning system was used to collect micrographs. We evaluated and compared fixative influence on sample structural preservation and tissue autofluorescence. Conclusions Formaldehyde fixation of Viridiplantae taxa samples generates useful structural data while requiring no additional histological staining or clearing. In addition, a fluorescence-capable microscope is the only specialized equipment required for image acquisition. The minimal protocol developed in this experiment enables high-throughput sample processing by eliminating the need for multi-day preparations.

Code and data availability

The paper describes confocal autofluorescence imaging of 12 plant taxa under five fixative treatments, with image data in Appendices S1–S11 and a protocol in Appendix 1. However, no public repository, deposit, or downloadable URL for these images, data, or code is provided in the supplied text; the only URL present is,

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