Plant Electrophysiological Parameters Represent Leaf Intracellular Water–Nutrient Metabolism and Immunoregulations in Brassica rapa During Plasmodiophora Infection

Abstract

Although Brassica rapa (B. rapa) is vital in agricultural production and vulnerable to the pathogen Plasmodiophora, the intracellular water–nutrient metabolism and immunoregulation of Plasmodiophora infection in B. rapa leaves remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the responsive mechanisms of Plasmodiophora-infected B. rapa using rapid detection technology. Six soil groups planted with Yangtze No. 5 B. rapa were inoculated with varying Plasmodiophora concentrations (from 0 to 10 × 109 spores/mL). The results showed that at the highest infection concentration (PWB5, 10 × 109 spores/mL) of B. rapa leaves, the plant electrophysiological parameters showed the intracellular water-holding capacity (IWHC), the intracellular water use efficiency (IWUE), and the intracellular water translocation rate (IWTR) declined by 41.99–68.86%. The unit for translocation of nutrients (UNF) increased by 52.83%, whereas the nutrient translocation rate (NTR), the nutrient translocation capacity (NTC), the nutrient active translocation (NAT) value, and the nutrient active translocation capacity (NAC) decreased by 52.40–77.68%. The cellular energy metabolism decreased with worsening Plasmodiophora infection, in which the units for cellular energy metabolism (∆GE) and cellular energy metabolism (∆G) of the leaves decreased by 44.21% and 78.14% in PWB5, respectively. Typically, based on distribution of B-type dielectric substance transfer percentage (BPn), we found PWB4 (8 × 109 spores/mL) was the maximal immune response concentration, as evidenced by a maximal BPnR (B-type dielectric substance transfer percentage based on resistance), with increasing lignin and cork deposition to enhance immunity, and a minimum BPnXc (B-type dielectric substance transfer percentage based on capacitive reactance), with a decreasing quantity of surface proteins in the B. rapa leaves. This study suggests plant electrophysiological parameters could characterize intracellular water–nutrient metabolism and immunoregulation of B. rapa leaves under various Plasmodiophora infection concentrations, offering a dynamic detection method for agricultural disease management.

Code and data availability

The article reports electrophysiological phenotyping of Plasmodiophora-infected Brassica rapa, but no public phenotype dataset, raw sensor measurements, images, analysis code, or trained models are deposited. The Data Availability Statement only points to the article/Supplementary Material (Figures S1–S3 are method/gro

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